Hanweigucheng National Heritage Park

Historical Overview
Established in the 1st century BCE, Luoyang became the capital under Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, replacing Chang’an (Xi’an). Over 400 years, it witnessed the rise of Confucian bureaucracy, the spread of Buddhism, and pivotal events like the Disaster of the Partisan Prohibitions (184 CE) and the Three Kingdoms transition (220 CE). The city’s decline began in the 4th century CE due to political instability and invasions. Excavations since the 1950s have uncovered over 10,000 artifacts, including inscribed bricks, bronze ware, and Buddhist statues, shedding light on daily life and rituals. In 2014, UNESCO recognized its global importance as part of the Silk Roads: Corridors and Trade Routes network.

Structural Layout
The ancient capital followed a rectangular grid plan with a north-south axis, divided into:

• Outer City: Enclosed by 12-meter-thick walls, it housed administrative offices, markets, and residential zones. Key gates included Xuanwu Gate (north) and Yongning Gate (south).
• Inner City: The imperial enclave, featuring the Palace Complex (central) and Temple of Heaven (south). The palace included halls for audiences, rituals, and the emperor’s private quarters.
• Supporting Structures: The Taichi Hall (main audience hall), Mingtang (Hall of Light for ancestral worship), and Flexible Canals for water management highlighted advanced engineering.

Major Attractions

1. Xuanwu Gate Ruins: The northern gate’s 30-meter-high earthen mounds and stone foundations reveal its defensive role.
2. Palace Complex: Partial reconstructions of the Taichi Hall and Imperial Garden showcase Han-Wei architectural styles.
3. Mingtang Site: Excavations uncovered a circular-square layout symbolizing heaven and earth, used for solar rituals.
4. Luoyang Museum of Han-Wei Capital: Displays over 2,000 artifacts, including jade burial suits and bronze lamps.
5. White Horse Temple: Located nearby, this 1st-century CE Buddhist temple marks the introduction of Buddhism to China.
6. Guandi Temple: Honors General Guan Yu, a symbol of loyalty from the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Suggested Itineraries

1. Classic Route (2–3 hours):
   Visitor Center → Xuanwu Gate Ruins → Palace Complex → Mingtang Site → Luoyang Museum → White Horse Temple
   Highlights: Key ruins and cultural context.
2. Extended Route (4–5 hours):
   Classic Route + Guandi Temple → Imperial Canal System → Northern Wall Relics → Local Handicraft Village
   Highlights: Off-the-beaten-path exploration and local culture.
3. Comprehensive Route (Full Day):
   Extended Route + Han-Wei Cultural Performance → Nighttime Light Show at Xuanwu Gate → Dinner at a Tang-Style Restaurant
   Highlights: Immersive historical experience.

Ticket Purchase

• Online: Book via the official Luoyang Cultural Heritage website or WeChat mini-program (up to 7 days in advance).
• On-Site: Tickets available at the Visitor Center; limited during peak seasons.
• Prices:
  • Peak Season (April–October): ¥120 (adults), ¥60 (students/seniors).
  • Off-Season (November–March): ¥80 (adults), ¥40 (students/seniors).
  • Free: Children under 1.2m, disabled visitors, and military personnel.

Transportation

• By Subway: Line 2 to Han-Wei Capital Station (Exit A), 10-minute walk to the south gate.
• By Bus: Routes 55, 58, or 81 to Ancient Capital Stop.
• By Taxi: Direct to the Visitor Center (¥30–40 from downtown Luoyang).
• Departure: Exit via the north gate for nearby attractions like Longmen Grottoes or Luoyang Old Town.

Best Time & Tips

• Peak Hours: Avoid 10 AM–2 PM; visit early (8:30 AM opening) or late (after 3 PM).
• Crowds: Weekends and holidays are busiest; weekdays offer quieter exploration.
• Weather: Spring (April–May) and autumn (September–October) are ideal for outdoor tours.
• Essentials:
  • Wear sturdy shoes (uneven terrain).
  • Bring sunscreen, a hat, and water (limited shade).
  • Photography allowed (no drones or tripods).
  • Prohibited items: Large bags, selfie sticks, and smoking in restricted zones.